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 A Little Sunshine

Many organizations — including quite a few Fortune 500 firms — have exposed web links that allow anyone to initiate a Zoom video conference meeting as a valid employee. These company-specific Zoom links, which include a permanent user ID number and an embedded passcode, can work indefinitely and expose an   show more ...

organization’s employees, customers or partners to phishing and other social engineering attacks. Image: @Pressmaster on Shutterstock. At issue is the Zoom Personal Meeting ID (PMI), which is a permanent identification number linked to your Zoom account and serves as your personal meeting room available around the clock. The PMI portion forms part of each new meeting URL created by that account, such as: zoom.us/j/5551112222 Zoom has an option to include an encrypted passcode within a meeting invite link, which simplifies the process for attendees by eliminating the need to manually enter the passcode. Following the previous example, such a link might look something like this: zoom.us/j/5551112222/pwd=jdjsklskldklsdksdklsdkll Using your PMI to set up new meetings is convenient, but of course convenience often comes at the expense of security. Because the PMI remains the same for all meetings, anyone with your PMI link can join any ongoing meeting unless you have locked the meeting or activated Zoom’s Waiting Room feature. Including an encrypted passcode in the Zoom link definitely makes it easier for attendees to join, but it might open your meetings to unwanted intruders if not handled responsibly. Particularly if that Zoom link is somehow indexed by Google or some other search engine, which happens to be the case for thousands of organizations. Armed with one of these links, an attacker can create meetings and invite others using the identity of the authorized employee. And many companies using Zoom have made it easy to find recently created meeting links that include encrypted passcodes, because they have dedicated subdomains at Zoom.us. Using the same method, KrebsOnSecurity also found working Zoom meeting links for The National Football League (NFL), LinkedIn, Oracle, Humana, Disney, Warner Bros, and Uber. And that was from just a few minutes of searching. And to illustrate the persistence of some of these Zoom links, Archive.org says several of the links were first created as far back as 2020 and 2021. KrebsOnSecurity received a tip about the Zoom exposures from Charan Akiri, a researcher and security engineer at Reddit. In April 2023, this site featured research by Akiri showing that many public Salesforce websites were leaking private data, including banks and healthcare organizations (Akiri said Salesforce also had these open Zoom meeting links before he notified them). The Zoom links that exposed working meeting rooms all had enabled the highlighted option. Akiri said the misuse of PMI links, particularly those with passcodes embedded, can give unauthorized individuals access to meetings. “These one-click links, which are not subject to expiration or password requirement, can be exploited by attackers for impersonation,” Akiri said. “Attackers exploiting these vulnerabilities can impersonate companies, initiating meetings unknowingly to users. They can contact other employees or customers while posing as the company, gaining unauthorized access to confidential information, potentially for financial gain, recruitment, or fraudulent advertising campaigns.” Akiri said he built a simple program to crawl the web for working Zoom meeting links from different organizations, and so far it has identified thousands of organizations with these perfectly functional zombie Zoom links. According to Akiri, here are several tips for using Zoom links more safely: Don’t Use Personal Meeting ID or Public Meetings: Your Personal Meeting ID (PMI) is the default meeting that launches when you start an ad hoc meeting. Your PMI doesn’t change unless you change it yourself, which makes it very useful if people need a way to reach you. But for public meetings, you should always schedule new meetings with randomly generated meeting IDs. That way, only invited attendees will know how to join your meeting. You can also turn off your PMI when starting an instant meeting in your profile settings. Require a Passcode to Join: You can take meeting security even further by requiring a passcode to join your meetings. This feature can be applied to both your Personal Meeting ID, so only those with the passcode will be able to reach you, and to newly scheduled meetings. To learn all the ways to add a passcode for your meetings, see this support article. Only Allow Registered or Domain Verified Users: Zoom can also give you peace of mind by letting you know exactly who will be attending your meeting. When scheduling a meeting, you can require attendees to register with their email, name, and custom questions. You can even customize your registration page with a banner and logo. By default, Zoom also restricts participants to those who are logged into Zoom, and you can even restrict it to Zoom users whose email address uses a certain domain. Update 12:33 p.m.: The list of affected organizations was updated, because several companies listed apparently only exposed links that let anyone connect to existing, always-on meeting rooms — not initiate and completely control a Zoom meeting. The real danger with the zombie links described above is that anyone can find and use them to create new meetings and invite others.

 Threat Actors

Contrary to the popular notion that ransomware hackers are sophisticated launderers of their stolen money, research shows they use straightforward mechanisms to transfer their bitcoin - allowing researchers to follow their money trail.

 Trends, Reports, Analysis

AI and advanced analytics are being employed by 72% of financial crime professionals to enhance compliance procedures, but challenges such as data quality and legacy systems persist, according to LexisNexis Risk Solutions.

 Trends, Reports, Analysis

Recent weeks have witnessed a significant increase in cyberattacks targeting the US Postal Service (USPS), mainly through phishing and smishing campaigns, according to DomainTools researchers who shared their findings in an advisory last week.

 Breaches and Incidents

According to reports, the official website of the UK’s royal family was taken offline by a DDoS attack on Sunday. The Royal.uk site was unavailable for around 90 minutes, starting at 10 am local time, according to The Independent.

 Trends, Reports, Analysis

Cloud computing giant AWS says an internal threat intel decoy system called MadPot has been used successfully to trap malicious activity, including nation-state-backed APTs like Volt Typhoon and Sandworm.

 Trends, Reports, Analysis

According to research from IANS and Artico Search, security budgets as a share of IT budgets are increasing, indicating a moderate impact on security spending compared to overall IT spending.

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Electrolink FM/DAB/TV Transmitter allows access to an unprotected endpoint that allows an MPFS File System binary image upload without authentication. The MPFS2 file system module provides a light-weight read-only file system that can be stored in external EEPROM, external serial Flash, or internal Flash program   show more ...

memory. This file system serves as the basis for the HTTP2 web server module, but is also used by the SNMP module and is available to other applications that require basic read-only storage capabilities. This can be exploited to overwrite the flash program memory that holds the web server's main interfaces and execute arbitrary code.

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Gentoo Linux Security Advisory 202310-1 - Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in ClamAV, the worst of which could result in remote code execution. Versions greater than or equal to 0.103.7 are affected.

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Debian Linux Security Advisory 5512-1 - Several vulnerabilities were discovered in Exim, a mail transport agent, which could result in remote code execution if the EXTERNAL or SPA/NTLM authenticators are used.

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Debian Linux Security Advisory 5511-1 - Several security vulnerabilities have been discovered in mosquitto, a MQTT compatible message broker, which may be abused for a denial of service attack.

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Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features. It provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow organizations and individuals   show more ...

to share information over public networks without compromising their privacy. Individuals can use it to keep remote Websites from tracking them and their family members. They can also use it to connect to resources such as news sites or instant messaging services that are blocked by their local Internet service providers (ISPs). This is the source code release.

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Gentoo Linux Security Advisory 202309-17 - Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Chromium and its derivatives, the worst of which could result in remote code execution. Versions greater than or equal to 113.0.5672.126 are affected.

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Gentoo Linux Security Advisory 202309-16 - Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in wpa_supplicant and hostapd, the worst of which could result in arbitrary code execution. Versions greater than or equal to 2.10 are affected.

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Debian Linux Security Advisory 5510-1 - Clement Lecigne discovered a heap-based buffer overflow in libvpx, a multimedia library for the VP8 and VP9 video codecs, which may result in the execution of arbitrary code if a specially crafted VP8 media stream is processed.

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jSQL Injection is a lightweight application used to find database information from a distant server. jSQL Injection is also part of the official penetration testing distribution Kali Linux and is included in various other distributions like Pentest Box, Parrot Security OS, ArchStrike and BlackArch Linux. This is the source code release.

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This Metasploit module exploits a PHP environment variable manipulation vulnerability affecting Juniper SRX firewalls and EX switches. The affected Juniper devices running FreeBSD and every FreeBSD process can access their stdin by opening /dev/fd/0. The exploit also makes use of two useful PHP features. The first   show more ...

being auto_prepend_file which causes the provided file to be added using the require function. The second PHP function is allow_url_include which allows the use of URL-aware fopen wrappers. By enabling allow_url_include, the exploit can use any protocol wrapper with auto_prepend_file. The module then uses data:// to provide a file inline which includes the base64 encoded PHP payload. By default this exploit returns a session confined to a FreeBSD jail with limited functionality. There is a datastore option JAIL_BREAK, that when set to true, will steal the necessary tokens from a user authenticated to the J-Web application, in order to overwrite the root password hash. If there is no user authenticated to the J-Web application this method will not work. The module then authenticates with the new root password over SSH and then rewrites the original root password hash to /etc/master.passwd.

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Debian Linux Security Advisory 5509-1 - A buffer overflow in VP8 media stream processing has been found in the Mozilla Firefox web browser, which could potentially result in the execution of arbitrary code.

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Debian Linux Security Advisory 5508-1 - Multiple security issues were discovered in Chromium, which could result in the execution of arbitrary code, denial of service or information disclosure.

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Cybersecurity experts have discovered yet another malware-as-a-service (MaaS) threat called BunnyLoader that's being advertised for sale on the cybercrime underground. "BunnyLoader provides various functionalities such as downloading and executing a second-stage payload, stealing browser credentials and system information, and much more," Zscaler ThreatLabz researchers Niraj Shivtarkar and

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An emerging Android banking trojan called Zanubis is now masquerading as a Peruvian government app to trick unsuspecting users into installing the malware. "Zanubis's main infection path is through impersonating legitimate Peruvian Android applications and then tricking the user into enabling the Accessibility permissions in order to take full control of the device," Kaspersky said in an

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A high-severity security flaw has been disclosed in the open-source OpenRefine data cleanup and transformation tool that could result in arbitrary code execution on affected systems. Tracked as CVE-2023-37476 (CVSS score: 7.8), the vulnerability is a Zip Slip vulnerability that could have adverse impacts when importing a specially crafted project in versions 3.7.3 and below. "Although OpenRefine

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Introduction In today's interconnected digital ecosystem, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) play a pivotal role in enabling seamless communication and data exchange between various software applications and systems. APIs act as bridges, facilitating the sharing of information and functionalities. However, as the use of APIs continues to rise, they have become an increasingly attractive

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LUCR-3 overlaps with groups such as Scattered Spider, Oktapus, UNC3944, and STORM-0875 and is a financially motivated attacker that leverages the Identity Provider (IDP) as initial access into an environment with the goal of stealing Intellectual Property (IP) for extortion. LUCR-3 targets Fortune 2000 companies across various sectors, including but not limited to Software, Retail, Hospitality,

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A financially motivated campaign has been targeting online payment businesses in the Asia Pacific, North America, and Latin America with web skimmers for more than a year. The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team is tracking the activity under the name Silent Skimmer, attributing it to an actor who is knowledgeable in the Chinese language. Prominent victims include online businesses and

2023-10
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